The Melanocortin-4 Receptor: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiology

LPA receptor signaling: pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small ubiquitous lipid found in vertebrate and nonvertebrate organisms that mediates diverse biological actions and demonstrates medicinal relevance. LPA's functional roles are driven by extracellular signaling through at least six 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are named LPA1-6 and signal through numerous effector pathways activate...

The Renin-angiotensin System: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology

I have lectured on the renin-angiotensin system for many years to medical, pharmacy, and other professional and graduate students. I find it to be a most worthwhile and satisfying subject to teach, mainly because there is so much that is relevant in the areas of physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. The renin-angiotensin system is also of interest because it continues to be a major fie...

Association between the Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) Gene Polymorphisms and Growth Trait in Sumba Ongole Cattle

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene has been known as a candidate gene for growth traits in livestock. This research was aimed to identify the polymorphism of MC4R gene and its association with growth traits in Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. The growth traits data consist of body weight and body size. Eighty four blood samples were collected and used for DNA isolation. The...

Announcement of International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology.

Hypothalamic Expression of Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Agouti-related Peptide mRNAs During the Estrous Cycle of Rats

Melanocortin- 4 receptor (MC4R) and agouti- related peptide (AgRP) are involved in energy homeostasis in rats. According to MC4R and AgRP effects on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, they may influence the estrous cycle of rats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs at different stages of estrous cycle in the rat’s hypothalamus. The estrous ...